What advantage is there in breeding shorter varieties of wheat?
These new shorter varieties of wheat are more resistant to lodging (the falling over of wheat stalks) and produce more grain than older varieties. The increase in grain yield is because a greater proportion of the products of photosynthesis accumulate in the grains rather than in the leaves.
Why is stem elongation importance?
Among the many growth phases of a crop, the reproductive phase is one of the most important ones. Stem elongation tends to happen just before this phase and may interrupt the normal reproductive cycle of the plant. It can also kill nearby roots.
What environmental factors can affect stem elongation?
Environmental factors which affect the level of cytokinin production include both nutrient and water availability. Cytokinins are utilized in tissue culture to stimulate cell division, adventitious shoot formation, and embryogenesis [121].
How does stem elongation occur?
Auxins promote stem elongation, inhibit growth of lateral buds (maintains apical dominance). Auxin is a plant hormone produced in the stem tip that promotes cell elongation. Auxin moves to the darker side of the plant, causing the cells there to grow larger than corresponding cells on the lighter side of the plant.
What plants are selectively bred?
The Brassicas are great examples of artificial selection. Cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, Brussels sprouts, collards, and kale are all members of the same species, Brassica oleracea. Gardeners have cultivated flowers sh as roses and orchids, carefully manipulating heredity to produce the “perfect” hybrid.
Which is a concern about selectively breeding plants?
Problems with selective breeding Future generations of selectively bred plants and animals will all share very similar genes . This could make some diseases more dangerous as all the organisms would be affected. Also, there is an increased risk of genetic disease caused by recessive alleles .
What plant hormone is responsible for stem elongation?
Auxins function primarily in stem elongation by promoting cell growth. Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) is the major naturally occurring auxin and one of the major growth factors in plants. They were the first group of plant growth hormones discovered. Auxins serve dual roles in plants depending on where they are produced.
What is meant by gibberellin?
Gibberellin, any of a group of plant hormones that occur in seeds, young leaves, and roots. They are also involved in the bolting (elongation) of rosette plants (e.g., lettuce) after exposure to certain environmental stimuli such as long periods of daylight.
Which hormone is responsible for wilting of leaves?
abscisic acid
Wilting is an effect of the plant growth-inhibiting hormone, abscisic acid.
Can humans be selectively bred?
Yes, selective breeding is alive and well right the way around our planet. The education processes that are being utilised to impose upon our children are designed to enhance class breeding and mind control.
How are plants and humans negatively affected by selective breeding?
Problems With Selective Breeding Selective breeding takes one characteristic and breeds the plants or animals based on that selection. With less genetic diversity, these plants and animals can all become sick together or all fall victim to an environmental influence that affects their health.
What stimulates plant growth?
Auxins stimulate the elongation of cells in the plant stem and phototropism (the growth of plants toward light). Gibberellins promote both cell division and cell elongation, causing shoots to elongate so plants can grow taller and leaves can grow bigger. They also signal buds and seeds to begin growing in the spring.
What is the most important plant hormone?
Gibberellins, being one of the most important and primary plant hormones, have physiological functions such as stimulating organ growth through enhancement of cell elongation and cell division; they also act as a developmental switch between seed dormancy and germination, juvenile and adult growth phases, and …
Who named gibberellin?
The term ‘gibberellin’ was first used in 1935 by Teijiro Yabuta for this active substance, from which two crystalline solids, named gibberellin A and gibberellin B, were eventually obtained.
What is gibberellin used for?
Gibberellins are a group of plant hormones responsible for growth and development. They are important for initiating seed germination . Low concentrations can be used to increase the speed of germination, and they stimulate cell elongation so plants grow taller.
What is the advantage of wilting to a plant?
the wilting of the plants causes the guard cells to lose their turgidity,. thus closing the stomata and thereby reducing the loss of water through photosynthesis. thus in the periods of droughts it can be benefecial for the plants to wilt as this would reduce water loses,.
How do you save a wilting plant?
If you find your plants wilting from lack of water, you may be able to save them by promptly giving proper hydration.
- Ensure that the plant needs watering.
- Move the wilted plant out of the sun, if possible.
- Set wilted container plants with dry soil in a sink or tray filled with water.
What are 3 types of selective breeding?
The three methods of selective breeding are outcrossing, inbreeding and line breeding.
What are 3 examples of selective breeding?
Selective breeding
- cows that produce lots of milk.
- chickens that produce large eggs.
- wheat plants that produce lots of grain.
Which crop requires maximum amount of water?
Sugarcane crops needs maximum water per hectare. The crop water need or crop evapotranspiration consists of transpiration by the plant and evaporation from the soil and plant surface.
How does cultivation affect soil structure?
Cultivation has the potential to destroy soil structure and make soils more prone to other forms of degradation, such as erosion. Incorrect use of cultivation can have the following effects: There may be a reduction in soil organic matter and therefore a decline in soil structure.
How do you develop a wheat variety?
There are three phases to every wheat-breeding program:
- The creation of new variation, usually through hybridization (crossing), but also through mutations and in the future, genetic engineering;
- Inbreeding and selection for the best variants; and.
What foods use the least water?
Analyzing diets that contain meat, pescatarian diets, and vegetarian diets, the study found that plant-based food has the smallest water footprint; a vegan diet uses five times less water than a meat-based one, according to the researchers, who added that vegetable-rich diets are not only beneficial for the planet’s …
Which crop requires maximum amount of nitrogen?
Hence, sugarcane requires the highest amount of Nitrogen among the five crops.
Why is it important to choose the right stem length?
Put simply, if you want a racy, aggressive and aerodynamic position, a longer stem will provide a more stretched out riding position. If comfort is your top priority, a shorter stem length will bring the bars closer to the saddle and put you in a more upright position, placing less strain on your back.
Why are some plants taller than others in the world?
In severe cases, this physiological condition is called etiolation. Therefore, the darker the environment, the taller the plants tend to be. Short and thick stems, along with closely spaced leaves, result from full sun. If light strikes a plant from only one side, the stem will bend toward it.
Is it bad to plant long stem plants?
Long-stem plants may well be a splendorous in flowerbeds. However, long stalks in a grain field present a danger to the yield. Tall rice or barley varieties buckle over too easily under the load of their heavy panicles or ears.
Why do plants grow faster in the light?
When light strikes one side of a stem, auxin builds up in the shady side, thereby causing the cells to grow faster and result in elongation on the shady side. Elongation on the shady side of the stem then results in the plant bending toward the light.
In severe cases, this physiological condition is called etiolation. Therefore, the darker the environment, the taller the plants tend to be. Short and thick stems, along with closely spaced leaves, result from full sun. If light strikes a plant from only one side, the stem will bend toward it.
Long-stem plants may well be a splendorous in flowerbeds. However, long stalks in a grain field present a danger to the yield. Tall rice or barley varieties buckle over too easily under the load of their heavy panicles or ears.
When light strikes one side of a stem, auxin builds up in the shady side, thereby causing the cells to grow faster and result in elongation on the shady side. Elongation on the shady side of the stem then results in the plant bending toward the light.
Why do semi dwarf rice and barley have short stems?
Besides linear growth, this plant growth factor promotes seed germination and the development of the blossoms. The genetic changes in the semi-dwarf rice and barley varieties of the green revolution prevent a final step in the biosynthesis of gibberellin. The mutated gene carries the cryptic name GA20ox1.
